![]() The earliest advanced civilizations in Greece and Europe were the Minoan and later Mycenaean civilizations, both of which flourished during the 2nd millennium BC. The origins of Greek mathematics are not well documented. Strictly speaking, a máthēma could be any branch of learning, or anything learnt however, since antiquity certain mathēmata (mainly arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and harmonics) were granted special status. ![]() ![]() Greek mathēmatikē ("mathematics") derives from the Ancient Greek: μάθημα, romanized: máthēma, Attic Greek: Koinē Greek:, from the verb manthanein, "to learn". The development of mathematics as a theoretical discipline and the use of deductive reasoning in proofs is an important difference between Greek mathematics and those of preceding civilizations. Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire region, from Anatolia to Italy and North Africa, but were united by Greek culture and the Greek language. Greek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the late 7th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean. Mathematics of Ancient Greeks An illustration of Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean theorem.
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